International journal of basic science in medicine
Volume:6 Issue: 2, Jun 2021

Today, various commercial dressings have been developed and introduced to the market. The diversity makes it difficult for the nurse to choose the right type. Although the most important reason to use a wound dress is to protect the wound from infection and prevent infection, but in fact, the main purpose of using these materials is to speed up the wound healing process. Traumatic injuries result in an epithelial wound that disrupts the continuity of the skin surface. These differences reveal as abrasions, punctures, and injuries. Wounds are divided into two types; the skin is either cut or ruptured, including deep wounds and bruises, or surface wounds. Expedited wound healing has been considered since the archaic era of human civilization, with the earliest reported case from the Ancient Egyptians. Wound lesions in mummified humans were observed to be cover with animal skin, with signs of (primary/secondary) wound healing present. A “new wound dressing” is an advanced wound dress used in wound management as biocompatible and biodegradable biomaterials that heal wounds and burns. In the past, it was believed that dry wounds had expedited healing and wet wounds have been found to promote using re-epithelization and result in reduced scar formation. Wounds can be treated using various types of natural polymers and materials. Also, techniques like electrospinning and freeze-drying techniques can be used for the fabrication of standard wound dress. These wounds are associated with bandages, inflammation, bleeding, pain, and pus. In this work, we consider various types of wounds and techniques to treat the wound. Susceptibility to these areas, due to special symptoms for each of them. Products like hydrogels, hydrocolloids, films, sponges, and nano-fiber polymeric materials are used to promote healing. In this review, we examine the ideal products for the treatment of wounds in diabetic patients.

Cancer can be defined as an illness of reformed gene expression. There are numerous agents affecting gene expression and altering cellular activities. Nanotechnology has offered the possibility of modulating tumor suppressor genes’ expression, improving kinetics of gene-targeted therapeutics, and simplifying drug delivery to tumors and across bio-complexes.

Gene expressions of caspase3, 8 and 9, Bax and Bcl2 were assessed after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an ovarian cancerous cell line (A2780). Real-time PCR was employed to determine the change fold of apoptotic genes in the cells exposed to the biosynthesized CeO2 -NPs (cerium oxide nanoparticles) at the dose of 0, 7, 9, and 11 μg/mL after 24 hours of incubation.

Our findings displayed a significant increase in the antioxidant genes’ expression in the A2870 cells. The results exhibited that the biosynthesized CeO2 -NPs could enhance the Bax/ Bcl2 ratio in a dose-dependent way. Also, the expression of caspase3, 8, and 9 up-regulated significantly under the dose of 11 μg/mL.

Considering the effects of the bio-fabricated CeO2 -NPs on the expression of apoptotic genes in ovarian cancerous cell lines, these nanoparticles (NPs) may be employed in pharmacology to develop new anti-cancer medications.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulatory protein in lipid metabolism and a candidate gene in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and significance of PCSK9 rs505151 and rs11591147 variants with myocardial infarction (MI) risk in the Iranian population. Patients and

The frequency of the PCSK9 rs505151 and rs11591147 variants were compared between 600 cases of MI and 600 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Tetraprimer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS PCR) was used for rs505151, and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain (ARMS-PCR) was utilized to detect the rs11591147 polymorphism. Finally, SPSS and SHEsis software were applied for data analysis.

Carriers of the GG genotype of rs505151 polymorphism (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05– 2.35, P=0.02; age-adjusted; OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.03–2.32, P=0.03) and at least one G-allele including GG+AG vs. AA (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.04–2.28, P=0.03; age-adjusted; OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.01–2.24, P=0.04) have an increased risk of MI. No association between PCSK9 rs505151 alleles and MI risk was observed. The ratio of individuals with the rs11591147GT variant was higher in healthy individuals vs. patients with MI (48.6% vs. 41.7%), indicating a reduced risk of developing MI (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59–0.95; P=0.01; age-adjusted; OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58– 0.95; P=0.01). The carriers of at least one T allele (TT+GT vs. GG) (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98; P=0.03; age-adjusted; OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98; P=0.03) showed a significant reduction in MI risk. The allelic frequencies at this polymorphic site did not differ between MI patients and healthy counterparts. No association was found between the haplotypes constructed from the alleles of these two polymorphisms.

Our study provides the first evidence that PCSK9 gene polymorphisms may serve as independent prognostic markers for MI patients in Iran.

Urinary stones are among major urological diseases. Open kidney surgery has always been of historical importance in the management of most urinary stones, especially in complicated cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the cases of open kidney stone surgery in Amir Al-Momenin hospital of Zabol in 2016-2017.

In the present descriptive cross-sectional study, the patients who underwent open kidney stone surgery in Amir Al-Momenin hospital were evaluated. The investigated variables included gender, age, changes in blood pressure, postoperative complications, and duration of surgery. The information was collected from hospital records and entered into SPSS software for analysis.

In this study, 25 patients were studied, of whom 14 (56%) were females. The mean age of the patients was 37.84 ±17.15 years. The youngest and oldest patients were 1 and 66 years old, respectively. Twelve patients (48%) had staghorn stones, and the rest (13 patients) had other types of stones. Blood pressure remained unchanged in 80% of the patients while 12% developed hypertension. Postoperative fever and infection were observed in only 4% of the patients. The prevalence of staghorn stones in men and women were 45.5% and 50%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P=0.821).

The present study showed that the most common stones leading to open kidney surgery were of the staghorn type. Males were more likely to undergo open kidney surgery than females.

Regular physical activities may have effect on the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we aimed to ascertain the changes of serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) following eight weeks of aerobic training in CKD patients.

The CKD patients referred to Zahedan Edalat Clinic and Ali-Ibn Abi Talib hospital in Zahedan city (Iran) were enrolled. Sixty patients aged between 30 and 50 years old were chosen by a random method and assigned into the control and intervention groups (each group constituted 30 people). In this study, aerobic exercises were performed at 50%–80% of the maximal heart rate. Peripheral blood was obtained one day before the beginning of exercise and one day after the end of the intervention. Serum IL-17 level was quantified using a commercial specific ELISA kit.

The mean values of IL-17 in CKD patients before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise were 1.67 ± 0.403 pg/mL and 1.58 ± 0.170 pg/mL in the intervention group (P value= 0.039) whereas the mean values of IL-17 in the control group before and after the intervention were 1.31 ± 0.529 pg/mL and 1.35 ± 0.505 pg/mL (P value= 0.794).

Eight weeks of aerobic training can significantly reduce serum IL-17, an inflammatory marker, in CKD patients.